止血合剂治疗急性上消化道出血的临床观察及护理

目的探讨止血合剂及针对性护理措施对急性上消化道出血的临床疗效。方法将84例急性上消化道出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,在常规西药治疗的基础上,治疗组给予止血合剂口服或胃管注入,对照组予正肾冰盐水口服或胃管注入,并同时给予两组针对性护理措施,观察两组患者止血时间和大便潜血转阴时间,对比二者对急性上消化道出血的临床疗效。结果止血合剂治疗组在止血时间和大便潜血转阴时间方面治疗组明显优于正肾冰盐水对照组(P<0.05);止血合剂对急性上消化道出血的总体疗效明显优于正肾冰盐水(P<0.05),且两组予针对性护理措施可明显提高临床疗效。结论止血合剂治疗急性上消化道出血疗效确切,针对性护理措施可提高治疗效果,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

扶正益生合剂协同新辅助化疗治疗乳腺癌的临床观察

目的观察扶正益生合剂治疗乳腺癌的新辅助化疗的临床疗效。方法60例住院患者随机分为观察组(30例)和对照组(30例)治疗组在新辅助化疗治疗的同时,加用扶正益生合剂。结果两组患者全血分析各项指标变化比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),两组的生存质量相比较,差异有显著性(P>0.05)。结论扶正益生合剂协同辅助化疗乳腺癌,能减轻毒性反应,按计划实行手术,提高患者生存质量。     

Self-administration of cocaine-pentobarbital mixtures by rhesus monkeys

A number of experiments have evaluated self-administration of the combination of a stimulant and an opioid. Less is known about the combination of a stimulant and a CNS depressant. The present experiment was designed to examine self-administration of the mixture of cocaine and pentobarbital (PB). Rhesus monkeys (n = 4) prepared with i.v. catheters were allowed to self-administer cocaine or saline under a progressive-ratio schedule. When responding was stable, doses of cocaine and PB, alone or in combination, were made available in test sessions. Cocaine functioned as a positive reinforcer in a dose-related manner in all monkeys. PB functioned as a relatively weaker reinforcer in one of four monkeys. Self-administration of intermediate doses of cocaine (0.025–0.1 mg/kg per injection) was decreased when mixed with PB (0.05–0.2 mg/kg per injection); full maximum responding was re-established when cocaine dose was increased. The magnitude of the shift to the right in the cocaine dose–response function was directly related to PB dose. When PB was given as an i.v. pretreatment there was no effect on cocaine self-administration up to a sedative dose of PB (5.6 mg/kg), suggesting that responding was not non-specifically suppressed by PB. Thus, simultaneous self-administration of PB diminished the potency but not the strength of cocaine as a reinforcer, potentially encouraging self-administration of larger doses of cocaine.     

高效液相色谱法测定止嗽青果合剂中麻黄碱含量

目的：建立止嗽青果合剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量测定方法。方法：采用Kromasil—C18（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（含0．1％三乙胺）=3：97为流动相,流速为1．0mL·min^-1,检测波长为207nm。结果：麻黄碱进样量在0．406～1．596μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,回归方程为：Y=738．3x＋0．0347（r=0．9999,n=5）;平均加样回收率为98．9％,RSD=0．8％;止嗽青果合剂中麻黄碱的含量应不少于0．260mg·mL^-1。结论：HPLC法测定止嗽青果合剂中麻黄碱含量．操作简便．结果准确．可用于止嗽青果合剂的质号控制．     

平喘固本合剂对哮喘小鼠气道急性炎症的影响

目的 探讨平喘固本合剂对哮喘小鼠气道急性炎症的影响及可能的机制。方法 健康雌性昆明小鼠40只,随机分为空白对照组（A组）、哮喘模型组（B组）、平喘固本合剂治疗组（C组）。用卵清清蛋白致敏建立哮喘小鼠气道急性炎症模型,各组分别给予相应药物治疗10 d。对各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞进行分类与计数,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肺组织的病理变化,同时应用ELISA法测定BALF中白细胞介素4（IL-4）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）水平的变化。结果 与A组比较,B组BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞明显增多（F=85.70-127.69,P＜0.05）,哮喘模型制作成功;C组细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞较B组均明显减少,但较A组升高,差异有显著性（q=2.15-10.08,P＜0.05）。与A组比较,B组中IL-4含量、IL-4/IFN-γ明显升高,IFN-γ明显降低,差异有统计学意义（F=186.17-378.06,q=17.02-21.46,P＜0.05）;与B组比较,C组IL-4、IL-4/IFN-γ降低,IFN-γ升高,差异有显著性（q=4.80-7.18,P＜0.05）。HE染色显示,C组炎症细胞浸润、平滑肌肥厚及肺组织黏膜水肿等炎症表现较B组明显减轻。 结论 平喘固本合剂对急性哮喘小鼠气道炎症有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与其抑制IL-4的表达、抑制炎性细胞聚积及促进IFN-γ的表达有关。     

肺寒儿咳喘合剂雾化治疗痰湿蕴肺型肺炎喘嗽的疗效

目的 探讨肺寒儿咳喘合剂雾化治疗痰湿蕴肺型肺炎喘嗽的临床疗效。方法 选取84例痰湿蕴肺型肺炎喘嗽患者,按简单随机方法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。对照组给予常规西医治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用肺寒儿咳喘合剂雾化治疗,比较2组的治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果 观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（92.9%比71.4%,P＜0.05）,且2组均未发生不良反应。结论 在常规西药治疗的基础上给予痰湿蕴肺型肺炎喘嗽患者肺寒儿咳喘合剂雾化治疗可有效地提高治疗效果。     

填埋垃圾组分分析和资源化开采利用

通过对老港生活垃圾填埋场1991-2004年填埋垃圾的试验性开采和分选,分析了不同填埋年份垃圾的组分以及变化规律,并对填埋垃圾中混合塑料特性进行深入研究,由此对垃圾填埋场或堆场中填埋垃圾的大规模开采和资源化利用的可行性进行初步探索。     

Stable dry powder inhaler formulation of tranilast attenuated antigen-evoked airway inflammation in rats

Tranilast (TL) has been clinically used for the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases, although the clinical use of TL is limited because of its poor solubility and systemic side effects. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel respirable powder of TL (CSD/TL-RP) for inhalation therapy was developed using nanocrystal solid dispersion of TL (CSD/TL). Stability study on CSD/TL-RP was carried out with a focus on inhalation performance. Even after 6 months of storage at room temperature, there were no significant morphological changes in micronized particles on the surface of carrier particles as compared with that before storage. Cascade impactor analyses on CSD/TL-RP demonstrated high inhalation performance with emitted dose and fine particle fraction (FPF) of ca. 98% and 60%, respectively. Long-term storage of CSD/TL-RP resulted in only a slight decrease in FPF value (ca. 54%). Inhaled CSD/TL-RP could attenuate antigen-induced inflammatory events in rats, as evidenced by marked reduction of granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and inflammatory biomarkers such as eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. These findings were consistent with decreased expression levels of mRNAs for nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclooxygenase-2, typical inflammatory mediators. Given these findings, inhalable TL formulation might be an interesting alternative to oral therapy for the treatment of asthma and other airway inflammatory diseases with sufficient dispersing stability.     

Long-term follow-ups of revascularized immature necrotic teeth:three case reports

Revascularization of immature necrotic teeth is a reliable treatment alternative to conventional apexogenesis or apexification. In case 1,a 12-year-old boy had his necrotic,immature mandibular left second premolar treated with a revascularization technique. At a 24-month follow-up,periapical radiolucency had disappeared and thickening of the root wall was observed. In cases 2 and 3,a 10-year-old boy had his necrotic,immature,bilateral mandibular second premolars treated with the same modality. At 48-month (in case 2) and 42-month (in case 3) follow-ups,loss of periapical radiolucencies and increases in the root wall thickness were also observed.     

Chromosomal aberrations in railroad transit workers: Effect of genetic polymorphisms

Complex chemical mixtures are transported by train from Russia to Finland for further shipment. Here, we studied if exposure to genotoxic components among these substances could affect chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in peripheral lymphocytes of workers handling the tank cars. An initial survey among 48 railroad workers and 39 referents (male smokers and nonsmokers) showed an elevation of CAs. A campaign was started to reduce exposures through preventive measures. Five years later, 51 tank car workers and 40 age‐matched referents (all nonsmoking men) were studied for CAs and genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism (EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, NAT1, NAT2), DNA repair (ERCC2, ERCC5, XPA, XPC, XRCC1, XRCC3), and folate metabolism (MTHFR, MTR). No increase in CAs was seen in the exposed group, suggesting that the preventive measures had been successful. However, a positive association existed between exposure duration and CA level among the exposed subjects. The level of chromosome‐type breaks was actually lower in the exposed workers than the referents, particularly among MTHFR wild‐type homozygotes or XRCC3 codon 241 variant allele carriers, suggesting modulation of CA frequency by folate metabolism and DNA repair. An interaction was observed between the occupational exposure and MTHFR, EPHX1, and MTR genotypes in determining CA level. The NAT2, ERCC2 exon 10, and XRCC1 codon 194 polymorphisms also affected CA frequency. Our findings suggest that handling of tank cars containing complex chemical mixtures poses a genotoxic risk, which may be reduced by preventive measures. Several genetic polymorphisms seem to modify the genotoxic effect or baseline CA level. Environ. Mal. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.